Shareware Super Platinum 8/Shareware Super Platinum 8.iso/mac/PROGTOOL/DOCZ16.ZIP;1/DOCZ.LIF/C.TXT

Text File | 1994-04-24 | 34.6 KB | 2,435 lines

ACCESS

C

SYSTEM

determine accessibility of a file

0 on success
non-zero on failure with errno indicating:
[ENOTDIR]   A component of the path prefix is not a directory.

[ENOENT]    If the named file does not exist or the path argument
            points to an empty string.

[EACCES]    A component of the path prefix denies search permission,
            or the permission bits of the file mode do not permit the
            requested access.

[EROFS]     Write access is requested for a file on a read-only file
            system.

[ETXTBSY]   Write access is requested for a pure procedure (shared
            text) file that is being executed.

[EFAULT]    path points outside the allocated address space for the
            process.

[EINTR]     A signal was caught during the access system call.

[ENOLINK]   path points to a remote machine and the link to that machine
            is no longer active.

[EMULTIHOP] Components of path require hopping to multiple remote
            machines.

[ENAMETOOLONG] (POSIX Only)  The length of the path argument exceeds
            {PATH_MAX}, or a path name component is longer than {NAME_MAX} while
            {_POSIX_NO_TRUNC} is in effect.

int access (path,amode);
   char *path;    /* (r) file specification */
   int amode;     /* (r) access mode */

ALARM

C

SYSTEM

set a process alarm clock

The alarm system call returns the amount of time previously remaining
in the alarm clock of the calling process.

unsigned alarm (sec)
   unsigned sec;     /* (r) number of seconds to timeout */

BRK

C

MEMORY

change data segment space allocation

0 on success, -1 on failure with errno indicating the error:

[ENOMEM]    Such a change would result in more space being allocated
            than is allowed by the system-imposed maximum process size.

[EAGAIN]    Total amount of system memory available for a read during
            physical IO is temporarily insufficient [see shmop(2)].  This may
            occur even though the space requested was less than the
            system-imposed maximum process size.

int brk(endds)
   char *endds;   /* (r) break value to set */

SBRK

C

MEMORY

change data segment space allocation

The previous break value on success, -1 on error with errno
indicating the error:
[ENOMEM]    Such a change would result in more space being allocated
            than is allowed by the system-imposed maximum process size.

[EAGAIN]    Total amount of system memory available for a read during
            physical IO is temporarily insufficient [see shmop(2)].  This may
            occur even though the space requested was less than the
            system-imposed maximum process size.

char *sbrk(incr)
   int incr;      /* (r) increment or decrement to break value */

CHDIR

C

SYSTEM

change working directory

0 on success, non-zero on failure

int chdir(path)
   char *path;    /* (r) new working directory */

CHMOD

C

SYSTEM

change mode of file

0 on success, non-zero on failure

int chmod (path,mode)
   char *path;    /* (r) file specification */
   int mode;      /* (r) new access permission */

CHOWN

C

SYSTEM

change owner and group of a file

0 on success, non-zero on failure

int chown (path,owner,group)
   char *path;    /* (r) file specification */
   uid_t owner;   /* (r) numeric owner id */
   gid_t group;   /* (r) numeric group id */

CLOSE

C

UNIX I/O

close a file descriptor

0 on success, non-zero on failure

int close(fildes)
   int fildes;    /* (r) file descriptor to close */

CREAT

C

UNIX I/O

create a new file or rewrite an existing one

Upon successful completion, a non-negative integer, namely the file
descriptor, is returned.  Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned, and
errno is set to indicate the error.

int creat (path,mode)
   char *path;    /* (r) name of new file */
   int mode;      /* (r) file mode permissions */

DUP

C

UNIX I/O

duplicate an open file descriptor

Upon successful completion a non-negative integer, namely the file
descriptor, is returned.  Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned, and
errno is set to indicate the error.

int dup (fildes)
   int fildes;    /* (r) the file descriptor to duplicate */

EXECL

C

SUB-PROCESS

execute a file

If exec returns to the calling process, an error has occurred; the
return value will be -1 and errno will be set to indicate the error.

int execl(path,arg0,arg1,...,argn,(char *)0)
   char *path,*arg0,*arg1,...,*argn;

EXECV

C

SUB-PROCESS

execute a file

If exec returns to the calling process, an error has occurred; the
return value will be -1 and errno will be set to indicate the error.

int execv(path,argv)
   char *path,*argv[ ];

EXECLE

C

SUB-PROCESS

execute a file

If exec returns to the calling process, an error has occurred; the
return value will be -1 and errno will be set to indicate the error.

int execle(path,arg0,arg1,...,argn,(char *)0,envp)
   char *path,*arg0,*arg1,...,*argn,*envp[ ];

EXECVE

C

SUB-PROCESS

execute a file

If exec returns to the calling process, an error has occurred; the
return value will be -1 and errno will be set to indicate the error.

int execve(path,argv,envp)
   char *path,*argv[ ],*envp[ ];

EXECLP

C

SUB-PROCESS

execute a file

If exec returns to the calling process, an error has occurred; the
return value will be -1 and errno will be set to indicate the error.

int execlp(file,arg0,arg1,...,argn,(char *)0)
   char *file,*arg0,*arg1,...,*argn;

EXECVP

C

SUB-PROCESS

execute a file

If exec returns to the calling process, an error has occurred; the
return value will be -1 and errno will be set to indicate the error.

int execvp(file,argv)
   char *file,*argv[ ];

EXIT

C

SYSTEM

terminate process

There can be no return from an exit system call.

void exit (status)
   int status;
void _exit (status)
   int status;

FCNTL

C

UNIX I/O

file control

Upon successful completion, the value returned depends on cmd as
follows:
   F_DUPFD   A new file descriptor.
   F_GETFD   Value of flag (only the low-order bit is defined).
   F_SETFD   Value other than -1.
   F_GETFL   Value of file flags.
   F_SETFL   Value other than -1.
   F_GETLK   Value other than -1.
   F_SETLK   Value other than -1.
   F_SETLKW  Value other than -1.

Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate
the error.

int fcntl(fildes,cmd,arg)
   int   fildes,  /* (r) open file descriptor */
         cmd;     /* (r) fcntl option select */
   void  *arg;    /* (r/w) optional argument */

FORK

C

SUB-PROCESS

create a new process

Upon successful completion, fork returns a value of 0 to the child
process and returns the process ID of the child pro- cess to the
parent process.  Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned to the parent
process, no child process is created, and errno is set to indicate
the error.

int fork()

GETPID

C

SYSTEM

get process id

the process ID of the calling process

int getpid()

GETPGRP

C

SYSTEM

get process group id

the process group ID of the calling process

int getpgrp()

GETPPID

C

SYSTEM

get parent process id

the parent process ID of the calling process

int getppid()

GETUID

C

SYSTEM

get real user id

the real user ID of the calling process

int getuid()

GETEUID

C

SYSTEM

get effective user id

the effective user ID of the calling process

int geteuid()

GETGID

C

SYSTEM

get real group id

the real group ID of the calling process

int getgid()

GETEGID

C

SYSTEM

get effective group id

the effective group ID of the calling process

int getegid()

IOCTL

C

SYSTEM

control device

Upon successful completion, the value returned depends upon the
device control function, but must be a non-negative integer.
Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate
the error.

int ioctl(fildes,request,arg)
   int   fildes,     /* (r) open file descriptor */
         request;    /* (r) ioctl() option selector */
   void  *arg;       /* (r/w) optional argument(s) */

KILL

C

SYSTEM

send a signal to a process or a group of processes

Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned.  Otherwise, a
value of -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the error.

int kill (pid,sig)
int   pid,     /* (r) process id to receive signal */
      sig;     /* (r) signal */

LSEEK

C

SYSTEM

move read/write file pointer

Upon successful completion, a non-negative integer indicating the file
pointer value is returned. Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned, and
errno is set to indicate the error.

long lseek (fildes,offset,whence)
   int   fildes;     /* (r) Unix i/o file descriptor */
   long  offset;     /* (r)
   int   whence;

MKDIR

C

SYSTEM

make a directory

Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned.  Otherwise, a
value of -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the error.

int mkdir (path,mode)
   char *path;    /* (r) name of new directory */
   int   mode;    /* (r) permissions */

NICE

C

SYSTEM

change priority of a process

Upon successful completion, nice returns the new nice value minus
20.  Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned, and errno is set to
indicate the error.

int nice(incr)
   int incr;   /* (r) amount to adjust priority */

OPEN

C

SYSTEM

open for reading or writing

Upon successful completion, the file descriptor is returned.
Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate
the error.

int open(path,oflag[,mode])
   char  *path;      /* (r) path to device or file */
   int   oflag,      /* (r) file mode */
         mode;       /* (r) initial permissions */

PIPE

C

SYSTEM

create an interprocess channel

Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned.  Otherwise, a
value of -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the error.

int pipe(fildes)
   int fildes[2]; /* fildes[0]/read, fildes[1]/write */

READ

C

SYSTEM

read from file

Upon successful completion a non-negative integer is returned
indicating the number of bytes actually read.  Otherwise, a -1 is
returned, and errno is set to indicate the error.

int read (fildes, buf, nbyte)
   int fildes;       /* (r) open file descriptor */
   char *buf;        /* (w) receiving buffer */
   unsigned nbyte;   /* (r) number of bytes to read */

RENAME

C

SYSTEM

change the name of a file

Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a
value of -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the error.

int rename (old,  new)
   char *old;  /* (r) old name */
   char *new;  /* (r) new name */

RMDIR

C

SYSTEM

remove a directory

Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned.  Otherwise, a
value of -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the error.

int rmdir (path)
   char *path;    /* (r) name of directory */

SIGNAL

C

SYSTEM

specify what to do upon receipt of a signal

Upon successful completion, signal returns the previous value of func
for the specified signal sig.  Otherwise, a value of SIG_ERR is
returned and errno is set to indicate the error.  SIG_ERR is defined
in the include file signal.h.

void (*signal(sig,func))()
   int   sig;
   void  (*func)();

FSTAT

C

SYSTEM

get open file status

Upon successful completion a value of 0 is returned.  Otherwise, a
value of -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the error.

int fstat (fildes,buf)
   int fildes;       /* (r) file spec */
   struct stat *buf; /* (w) file information */

STAT

C

SYSTEM

get file status

Upon successful completion a value of 0 is returned.  Otherwise, a
value of -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the error.

int stat (path,buf)
   char *path;       /* (r) file spec */
   struct stat *buf; /* (w) file information */

TIME

C

SYSTEM

get time

Upon successful completion, time returns the value of time.
Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate
the error.

time_t time(tloc)
   long *tloc; /* (w) time value */

UMASK

C

SYSTEM

set and get file creation mask

The previous value of the file mode creation mask is returned.

int umask (cmask)
   int cmask;     /* (r) mask */

UNLINK

C

SYSTEM

remove directory entry

Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned.  Otherwise, a
value of -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the error.

int unlink (path)
   char *path;    /* (r) file specification */

UTIME

C

SYSTEM

set file access and modification times

Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned.  Otherwise, a
value of -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the error.

int utime (path,times)
   char *path;             /* (r) file spec. */
   struct utimbuf *times;  /* (r) time structure */

WAIT

C

SYSTEM

wait for child process to stop or terminate

If wait returns due to the receipt of a signal, a value of -1 is
returned to the calling process, and errno is set to EINTR.  If wait
returns due to a stopped or terminated child process, the process ID
of the child is returned to the calling process.  Otherwise, a value
of -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the error.

int wait(stat_loc)
   int *stat_loc;       /* (w) status of sub-process */

WRITE

C

SYSTEM

write on a file

Upon successful completion the number of bytes actually written is
returned.  Otherwise, -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate
the error.

int write (fildes,buf,nbyte)
   int fildes;       /* (r) open file descriptor */
   char *buf;        /* (r) buffer */
   unsigned nbyte;   /* (r) number of bytes to write */

ABS

C

MATH

return integer absolute value

the absolute value of its integer operand

int abs(i)
   int i;   /* (r) the integer to convert */

ASSERT

C

DIAGNOSTICS

verify program assertion

doesn't

assert (expression)
   int expression;      /* (r) expression to evaluate */

BSEARCH

C

SEARCHING

binary search a sorted table

A NULL pointer is returned if the key cannot be found in the table.

char *bsearch((char *) key,(char *) base,nel,sizeof(*key),compar)
   unsigned nel;
   int (*compar)( );

CTIME

C

DATE/TIME

Convert binary time to an ASCII string

ctime returns a pointer to a 26-character string in the following
form. All the fields have constant width.

   Fri Sep 13 00:00:00 1986\n\0

char *ctime(clock)
   time_t *clock;

LOCALTIME

C

DATE/TIME

convert binary Unix time to time structure

localtime returns a pointer to a ``tm'' structure

struct tm *localtime(clock)
   time_t *clock;

GMTIME

C

DATE/TIME

convert binary Unix time to time structure

a pointer to a ``tm'' structure

struct tm *gmtime(clock)
   time_t *clock;

ASCTIME

C

DATE/TIME

convert to string time from the time structure

a pointer to the ASCII string

char *asctime(tm)
   struct tm *tm;

ISDIGIT

C

CHARACTER TEST

test for the digits 0 through 9

nonzero for true, zero for false.

isdigit(ch)
   int   ch;   /* (r) character to test */

ISXDIGIT

C

CHARACTER TEST

Test for hex digit

nonzero for true, zero for false.

isxdigit(ch)
   int   ch;   /* (r) character to test */

ISLOWER

C

CHARACTER TEST

test for lower case character

nonzero for true, zero for false.

islower(ch)
   int   ch;   /* (r) character to test */

ISUPPER

C

CHARACTER TEST

test for upper case character

nonzero for true, zero for false.

isupper(ch)
   int   ch;   /* (r) character to test */

ISALPHA

C

CHARACTER TEST

test for alphabetic character

nonzero for true, zero for false.

isalpha(ch)
   int   ch;   /* (r) character to test */

ISALNUM

C

CHARACTER TEST

test for alphanumeric character

nonzero for true, zero for false.

isalnum(ch)
   int   ch;   /* (r) character to test */

ISSPACE

C

CHARACTER TEST

test for character that generates printed space

nonzero for true, zero for false.

isspace(ch)
   int   ch;   /* (r) character to test */

ISCNTRL

C

CHARACTER TEST

test for control character

nonzero for true, zero for false.

iscntrl(ch)
   int   ch;   /* (r) character to test */

ISPUNCT

C

CHARACTER TEST

test for punctuation character

nonzero for true, zero for false.

ispunct(ch)
   int   ch;   /* (r) character to test */

ISPRINT

C

CHARACTER TEST

test for character that is printable including space

nonzero for true, zero for false.

isprint(ch)
   int   ch;   /* (r) character to test */

ISGRAPH

C

CHARACTER TEST

test for character that is printable excluding space

nonzero for true, zero for false.

isgraph(ch)
   int   ch;   /* (r) character to test */

ISASCII

C

CHARACTER TEST

test for character contained in ASCII character set

nonzero for true, zero for false.

isascii(ch)
   int   ch;   /* (r) character to test */

TOLOWER

C

CHARACTER CONVERSION

convert character to lower case

nonzero for true, zero for false.

tolower(ch)
   int   ch;   /* (r) character to convert */

TOUPPER

C

CHARACTER CONVERSION

convert character to upper case

the character converted to upper case

toupper(ch)
   int   ch;   /* (r) character to convert */

TOASCII

C

CHARACTER CONVERSION

converts a character to ASCII

the converted character as an integer

toascii(ch)
   int   ch;   /* (r) character to convert */

CUSERID

C

SYSTEM

get character login name of the user

If the login name cannot be found, cuserid returns a NULL pointer; if
s is not a NULL pointer, a null character (\0) will be placed at
s[0].

char *cuserid (s)
   char *s; /* (w) buffer for name */

DUP2

C

UNIX I/O

duplicate an open file descriptor

Upon successful completion a non-negative integer, namely the file
descriptor, is returned.  Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned, and
errno is set to indicate the error.

int dup2 (fildes,fildes2)
   int   fildes,     /* (r) current file descriptor */
         fildes2;    /* (r) new file descriptor */

ECVT

C

CONVERSION

convert floating-point number to string

a pointer to the converted string

char *ecvt(value,ndigit,decpt,sign)
   double   value;
   int      ndigit,
            *decpt,
            *sign;

FCVT

C

CONVERSION

convert floating-point number to string

a pointer to the converted string

char *fcvt(value,ndigit,decpt,sign)
   double   value;
   int      ndigit,
            *decpt,
            *sign;

GCVT

C

CONVERSION

convert floating-point number to string

a pointer to the converted string

char *gcvt(value,ndigit,buf)
   double   value;
   int      ndigit;
   char     *buf;

EXP

C

MATH

calculate exponent

the exponent of x

double exp(x)
   double x;

LOG

C

MATH

calculate log

the log of x

double log(x)
   double x;

LOG10

C

MATH

calculate log10

log10 of x

double log10(x)
   double x;

POW

C

MATH

calculate power

the power of xy

double pow(x,y)
   double x,y;

SQRT

C

MATH

calculate square root

the square root of x

double sqrt(x)
   double x;

FCLOSE

C

STANDARD I/O

close a stream

0 for success and EOF if any error (such as trying to write to a file
that has not been opened for writing) was detected.

int fclose(stream)
   FILE *stream;

FFLUSH

C

STANDARD I/O

flush a stream

0 for success and EOF if any error (such as trying to write to a file
that has not been opened for writing) was detected.

int fflush(stream)
   FILE *stream;

FERROR

C

STANDARD I/O

check for an i/o error on a stream

error status

int ferror(stream)
   FILE *stream;

FEOF

C

STANDARD I/O

check for an EOF on a stream

EOF status

int feof(stream)
   FILE *stream;

CLEARERR

C

STANDARD I/O

reset the EOF and error status on a stream

void

void clearerr(stream)
   FILE *stream;

FILENO

C

STANDARD I/O

get the file descriptor for a file pointer

a file descriptor

int fileno(stream)
   FILE *stream;

FLOOR

C

MATH

calculate largest integer less than another double

the largest integer

double floor(x)
   double x;

CEIL

C

MATH

calculate smallest integer greater than another double

smallest integer

double ceil(x)
   double x;

FMOD

C

MATH

calculate floting-point remainder

remainder

double fmod(x,y)
   double x, y;

FABS

C

MATH

calculate floating-point absolute value

absolute value

double fabs(x)
   double x;

FOPEN

C

STANDARD I/O

open a stream

NULL on failure

FILE *fopen(filename,type)
   char  *filename,
         *type;

FREOPEN

C

STANDARD I/O

reopen a stream

NULL on failure

FILE *freopen(filename,type,stream)
   char  *filename,
         *type;
   FILE  *stream;

FDOPEN

C

STANDARD I/O

open a stream associated with a file descriptor

NULL on failure

FILE *fdopen(fildes,type)
   int   fildes;
   char  *type;

FREAD

C

STANDARD I/O

binary read from a stream

the number of items read.  If nitems is non-positive, no characters
are read, and 0 is returned

int fread(ptr,size,nitems,stream)
   char     *ptr;
   int      nitems;
   size_t   size;
   FILE     *stream;

FWRITE

C

STANDARD I/O

binary write to a stream

the number of items written.  If nitems is non-positive, no
characters are written, and 0 is returned fwrite.

int fwrite(ptr,size,nitems,stream)
   char     *ptr;
   int      nitems;
   size_t   size;
   FILE     *stream;

FSEEK

C

STANDARD I/O

reposition a stream

0 on success, non-zero for improper seeks

int fseek(stream,offset,ptrname)
   FILE  *stream;
   long  offset;
   int   ptrname;

REWIND

C

STANDARD I/O

reposition a stream to the beginning

void

void rewind(stream)
   FILE  *stream;

FTELL

C

STANDARD I/O

get current file position on a stream

the current file position

long ftell(stream)
   FILE  *stream;

GETC

C

STANDARD I/O

read a character on a stream

EOF at end-of-file or upon an error

int getc(stream)
   FILE *stream;

GETCHAR

C

STANDARD I/O

read a character from standard input

EOF at end-of-file or upon an error

int getchar()

FGETC

C

STANDARD I/O

read a character from a stream

EOF at end-of-file or upon an error

int fgetc(stream)
   FILE *stream;

GETW

C

STANDARD I/O

read the next word on a stream

EOF at end-of-file or upon an error
Because EOF is a valid integer, ferror() should be used to detect getw
errors.

int getw(stream)
   FILE *stream;

GETCWD

C

SYSTEM

get path name of current working directory

Returns NULL with errno set if size is not large enough, or if an
error occurs in a lower-level function.

char *getcwd(buf,size)
   char  *buf;
   int   size;

GETENV

C

SYSTEM

return value for environment name

a pointer to the string or NULL on failure

char *getenv (name)
   char *name;

GETS

C

STANDARD I/O

read a string from standard input

the string on success, NULL on failure

char *gets(s)
   char *s;

FGETS

C

STANDARD I/O

read a string from a stream

the string on success, NULL on failure

char *fgets(s,n,stream)
   char *s;
   int n;
   FILE *stream;

LOCKF

C

UNIX I/O

record locking on files

Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned.  Oth- erwise, a
value of -1 is returned and errno is set to indi- cate the error.

int lockf(fildes,function,size)
   long  size;
   int   fildes,
         function;

MALLOC

C

MEMORY ALLOCATION

allocate memory

a pointer to allocated memory or NULL on failure

char *malloc(size)
   unsigned size;

FREE

C

MEMORY ALLOCATION

free allocated memory

void

void free(ptr)
   char *ptr;

REALLOC

C

MEMORY ALLOCATION

reallocate memory

a pointer to allocated memory or NULL on failure

char *realloc(ptr,size)
   char *ptr;
   unsigned size;

CALLOC

C

MEMORY ALLOCATION

allocate memory and clear

a pointer to allocated memory or NULL on failure

char *calloc(nelem,elsize)
   unsigned    nelem,
               elsize;

MEMCCPY

C

MEMORY

copy memory up to a specified character

a pointer on success, NULL on failure to find c

char *memccpy(s1,s2,c,n)
   char  *s1,
         *s2;
   int   c,
         n;

MEMCHR

C

MEMORY

find first occurance of a character in a buffer

the first character or NULL if not found

char *memchr(s,c,n)
   char  *s;
   int   c,
         n;

MEMCMP

C

MEMORY

compare buffers

less than (negative), equal to (0), or greater than (positive)

int memcmp(s1,s2,n)
   char  *s1,
         *s2;
   int   n;

MEMCPY

C

MEMORY

copy characters from one buffer to another

s1

char *memcpy(s1,s2,n)
   char  *s1,
         *s2;
   int   n;

MEMSET

C

MEMORY

fill a buffer with a specified character

s

char *memset(s,c,n)
   char  *s;
   int   c,
         n;

MKTEMP

C

FILENAME

make a unique file name

The address of the string on success, NULL on failure

char *mktemp(template)
   char *template;

PERROR

C

ERROR

display the message for the last error condition

void

void perror(s)
   char *s;

POPEN

C

STANDARD I/O

open a pipe to a process

NULL pointer if files or processes cannot be created.

FILE *popen(command,type)
char  *command,
      *type;

PCLOSE

C

STANDARD I/O

close a pipe to a process

-1 if stream is not associated with a ``popened'' command.

int pclose(stream)
FILE  *stream;

PRINTF

C

STANDARD I/O

format output to Standard Output

the number of characters transmitted, or a negative value if an output
error was encountered.

int printf(format,arg ... )
   char *format;

FPRINTF

C

STANDARD I/O

format output to a stream

the number of characters transmitted, or a negative value if an
output error was encountered.

int fprintf(stream,format,arg ... )
   FILE  *stream;
   char  *format;

SPRINTF

C

CONVERSION

convert to string with various formats

the number of characters converted (not including the \0), or a
negative value if a conversion error was encountered.

int sprintf(s,format[,arg ] ... )
   char  *s,
         *format;

PUTC

C

STANDARD I/O

write a character to a stream

The value written, or EOF on failure

int putc(c,stream)
   int c;
   FILE *stream;

PUTCHAR

C

STANDARD I/O

write a character to standard output

The value written, or EOF on failure

int putchar(c)
   int c;

FPUTC

C

STANDARD I/O

write a character to a stream

The value written, or EOF on failure

int fputc(c,stream)
   int c;
   FILE *stream;

PUTW

C

STANDARD I/O

write a word to a stream

The value written, or EOF on failure (ferror() should be used to
check for errors.

int putw(w,stream)
   int w;
   FILE *stream;

PUTENV

C

SYSTEM

change or add value to environment

non-zero if it was unable to obtain enough space via malloc for an
expanded environment, otherwise zero.

int putenv(string)
   char *string;

PUTS

C

STANDARD I/O

put a string on Standard Output

0 on success, EOF on failure

int puts(s)
   char *s;

FPUTS

C

STANDARD I/O

put a string on a stream

0 on success, EOF on failure

int fputs(s,stream)
   char *s;
   FILE *stream;

QSORT

C

SORT

quicker sort

void

void qsort((char *) base,nel,sizeof(*base),compar)
   unsigned nel;
   int (*compar)( );

RAND

C

RANDOM NUMBER

generate a random number

a random number between 0 and (2^15)-1

int rand()

SRAND

C

RANDOM NUMBER

seed the random number generator

void

void srand(seed)
   unsigned seed;

SCANF

C

STANDARD I/O

convert and format for output to Standard Output

the number of successfully matched and assigned input items; this
number can be zero in the event of an early conflict between an input
character and the control string. If the input ends before the first
conflict or conversion, EOF is returned.

int scanf(format [,pointer] ... )
   char  *format;

FSCANF

C

STANDARD I/O

convert and format for output to a stream

EOF on end of input and a short count for missing or illegal data
items.

int fscanf(stream,format [,pointer] ... )
   FILE  *stream;
   char  *format;

SSCANF

C

CONVERSION

convert from string to various formats

EOF on end of input and a short count for missing or illegal data
items.

int sscanf(s,format [,pointer] ... )
   char  *s,
         *format;

SETBUF

C

STANDARD I/O

modify standard i/o buffer

void

void setbuf(stream,buf)
   FILE *stream;
   char *buf;

SETVBUF

C

STANDARD I/O

modify standard i/o buffer

non-zero for illegal types or sizes

int setvbuf(stream,buf,type,size)
   FILE *stream;
   char *buf;
   int type, size;

SETJMP

C

FLOW CONTROL

non-local goto

0

int setjmp(env)
   jmp_buf env;

LONGJMP

C

FLOW CONTROL

non-local goto

void

void longjmp(env,val)
   jmp_buf env;
   int val;

SLEEP

C

TIMING

suspend execution for interval

the unslept amount

unsigned sleep(seconds)
   unsigned seconds;

STRCAT

C

STRING

unbounded string concatenation

a pointer to the result

char *strcat(s1,s2)
   char *s1,*s2;

STRDUP

C

STRING

duplicate a string

pointer to duplicated string or NULL on failure

char *strdup(s1)
   char *s1;

STRNCAT

C

STRING

bounded string concatentation

a pointer to the result

char *strncat(s1,s2,n)
   char *s1,*s2;
   size_t n;

STRCMP

C

STRING

unbounded string compare

the compare result

int strcmp(s1,s2)
   char *s1,*s2;

STRNCMP

C

STRING

bounded string compare

the compare result

int strncmp(s1,s2,n)
   char *s1,*s2;
   size_t n;

STRCPY

C

STRING

unbounded string copy

a pointer to the result

char *strcpy(s1,s2)
   char *s1,*s2;

STRNCPY

C

STRING

bounded string copy

a pointer to the result

char *strncpy(s1,s2,n)
   char *s1,*s2;
   size_t n;

STRLEN

C

STRING

find the length of a string

the string length

int strlen(s)
   char *s;

STRCHR

C

STRING

find the first occurance of a character in a string

the character or NULL if not found

char *strchr(s,c)
   char *s;
   int c;

STRRCHR

C

STRING

find the last occurance of a character in a string

the character or NULL if not found

char *strrchr(s,c)
   char *s;
   int c;

STRPBRK

C

STRING

find a break character in a string

the string or NULL if it does not exist

char *strpbrk(s1,s2)
   char *s1,*s2;

STRSPN

C

STRING

extract an inclusive segment from a string

the length of the segment

int strspn(s1,s2)
   char *s1,*s2;

STRCSPN

C

STRING

extract an exclusive segment from a string

the length of the segment

int strcspn(s1,s2)
   char *s1,*s2;

STRTOK

C

STRING

extract a token from a string

the token or NULL when no more tokens

char *strtok(s1,s2)
   char *s1,*s2;

STRTOD

C

CONVERSION

convert string numeric to double

the string converted to double or _HUGE on overflow

double strtod(str,ptr)
   char  *str,
         **ptr;

ATOF

C

CONVERSION

convert string numeric to float

the string converted to double or _HUGE on overflow

double atof(str)
   char  *str;

STRTOL

C

CONVERSION

convert string numeric to integer

the numeric string converted to long

long strtol(str,ptr,base)
   char  *str,
         **ptr;
   int   base;

ATOL

C

CONVERSION

convert string numeric to integer

the string converted to long

long atol(str)
   char  *str;

ATOI

C

CONVERSION

convert string numeric to integer

an integer converted from string numeric

int atoi(str)
   char  *str;

SWAB

C

CONVERSION

swap bytes

void

void swab(from,to,nbytes)
   char  *from,
         *to;
   int   nbytes;

SYSTEM

C

SYSTEM

issue a command-interpreter command

the exit status of the command

int system(command)
   char  *command;

TMPFILE

C

STANDARD I/O

create a temporary file

a FILE pointer or NULL on failures

FILE *tmpfile()

TMPNAM

C

FILENAME

create a name for a temporary file

a pointer to the name or NULL on failure

char *tmpnam(s)
   char  *s;

TEMPNAM

C

FILENAME

create a name for a temporary file

a pointer to the name or NULL on failure

char *tempnam(dir,pfx)
   char  *dir,
         *pfx;

SIN

C

MATH

calculate the sine

the sine in radians

double sin(x)
   double x;

COS

C

MATH

calculate the cosine

the cosine in radians

double cos(x)
   double x;

TAN

C

MATH

calculate the tangent

the tangent in radians

double tan(x)
   double x;

ASIN

C

MATH

calculate the arcsine

the arcsine of x

double asin(x)
   double x;

ACOS

C

MATH

calculate the arccosine

the arccosine of x

double acos(x)
   double x;

ATAN

C

MATH

calculate the arctangent

the arctangent of x

double atan(x)
   double x;

ATAN2

C

MATH

calculate the arctangent of y/x

the arctangent of y/x

double atan2(y,x)
   double   y,
            x;

ISATTY

C

SYSTEM

determine origin of file descriptor

1 if fildes is associated with a terminal device, 0 otherwise.

int isatty (fildes)
   int fildes;

UNGETC

C

STANDARD I/O

push character back into input stream

ungetc returns EOF if it cannot insert the character.

int ungetc(c,stream)
   int c;
   FILE *stream;